Everything about filing: The right file for every application

Whether for DIY, in the workshop or for professional use - files are indispensable tools for the precise shaping, smoothing and customising of materials. However, not every file is suitable for every task. Different types of files and strokes are used depending on the material, area of application and filing technique. In this guide, you will find out what is important and which file is the right one for your needs.

The structure of a file

There are three typical components to every file: the file blade, the neck and the handle. The file blade has sharp teeth that remove material - the so-called serration. They differ in density, shape and arrangement depending on the type. The handle provides secure guidance, while the neck forms the connection.

The different file types at a glance

Flat file

The flat file can be used universally and is particularly suitable for working on flat surfaces and removing large quantities of material. Its rectangular shape with one or two serrated sides makes it a standard tool in the workshop and household.

Round file

Cylindrical in shape, the round file is ideal for curves, holes or bulges. It is often used for processing drill holes or for filing concave shapes and helps to smooth surfaces.

Triangular file (triangular file)

This file has three sides of equal length in an equilateral triangle. Ideal for internal angles, grooves or hard-to-reach corners. It is also often used for sharpening saw teeth.

Rasp

Rasps are preferably used for processing wood or soft materials. Their coarse teeth enable fast material removal. They are particularly indispensable for furniture processing or rough cutting.

Chainsaw file

A special round file with a precisely matched diameter is required to sharpen the teeth of a chainsaw. The precise angle when filing is crucial for maintaining the cutting performance of the chain.

Thread file

The thread file is a special tool for repairing damaged threads - both internal and external threads. With its precisely milled profiles in various pitches, even heavily worn threads can be saved without having to cut them completely new. It is ideal for workshops, automotive businesses and mechanical engineering.

The file types: Plain, bastard & more

A decisive factor when filing is the type of cut, i.e. the arrangement and density of the teeth on the file blade. This determines how coarsely or finely material is removed.

• Bastard cut (also cut 1): Coarse teeth for high material removal. Primarily used for pre-roughing when larger quantities are to be removed.
• Finishing cut (also cut 2): Medium toothing for more precise work. Ideal for reworking and levelling.
• Fine cut (cut 3): Very fine toothing for smooth surfaces and fine work, for example when deburring components.
• There are also double-cut files (cross-cut) where two teeth overlap - for even work on hard materials such as steel.

The higher the cut number, the finer the file. You should therefore choose the right combination of file shape and cut number depending on the project and material.

How to use a file correctly

Safe and effective filing begins with clamping the workpiece - in a vice, for example. The file is guided with even pressure only in the forward direction. When pulling back, the file should be lifted to avoid blunting the teeth. Make sure you work with the entire length of the file - this ensures an even result and protects the tool. Special file shapes such as round or triangular files are ideal for complex shapes or hard-to-reach areas.

Conclusion: The right file for the best results

Files are true all-rounders - provided you use the right type of file with the right cut. Whether rough shaping with a rasp, fine finishing with a finishing file or rescuing damaged threads: your project is guaranteed to succeed with the right tool. Discover the large selection of various files for your next project from paulimot, Made in Portugal, today.