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Application of countersinks

Countersinks are often used after drilling to further process the drill hole. But what exactly is "countersinking" and which countersink is suitable for which application? Our guide gives you an overview of the different countersinking methods and types of countersink.

What is "countersinking"?

Countersinking is a drilling process in which existing drill holes are reworked or further processed. For example, profiles or conical surfaces are subsequently created in the drill holes. A distinction is made between three different countersinking processes:


  • Countersinking: Creating flat bearing surfaces for screw heads
  • Countersinking: Creating countersinks for the head of a cylindrical screw
  • Profile countersinking: Creating tapered countersinks for the head of countersunk screws, for example
Two isometric representations of a workpiece. On the left a profile countersink, on the right a plane countersink. Both with a cylindrical bore.

What is "deburring"?

Drilling often produces material residues/chips at the edge of the drill hole. This can result in sharp-edged drill holes when machining metal (Fig. 1). The removal of these sharp-edged material residues using a countersink is called deburring. Countersinks with an angle of 60° are generally used for deburring. Removing the splinters etc. reduces the risk of injury and prepares the drill hole for the next steps (Fig. 2).

Close-up of a black surface with a round drill hole in the centre with sharp edges. The surface is slightly rough.
Close-up of a metal plate with a hole that has been deburred. Fine scratches are visible on the surface. Blurred metal struts can be seen in the background.

Overview of countersinks

Countersinks differ in their shape and purpose. Countersinks also have a smaller clearance angle and a larger clearance surface than drills, which prevents chatter marks when countersinking. As a rule, countersinking tools are made of HSS steel. Countersinks are provided with special coatings to optimise the processing of different materials. For example, titanium-coated countersinks are also used for countersinking and deburring.


You will find the following countersinks in our range:

Countersink

Countersinks are used for countersinking profiles to create tapered countersinks (Fig. 2 & 3). This ensures that countersunk screws, for example, are flush with the surface of the workpiece (Fig. 4). Holes are also deburred with countersinks.

The angles of countersinks are standardised for the corresponding applications:


Standardised angle Application
60° ➤ Deburring
75° Rivet heads
90° Countersunk screws
120° ➤ Sheet metal rivets


Close-up of a screw and a countersink on a metal surface. The screw is next to the tool, which has a conical tip.
Close-up: A drill with a countersunk head drills into a black workpiece. The workpiece is clamped in a vice. Tools are visible in the background.
Metal block with three drill holes of different sizes. The centre hole is countersunk. Markings on the surface.
Close-up of a black surface with embedded metal screws and holes. Number "4." bottom right.

Using countersinks correctly

  • First decide what you want to use the countersink for (countersinking countersunk screws, deburring, etc.)
  • Use a calliper gauge to determine the diameter of the screw head.
  • Then select the countersink based on the desired application and the size of the screw head. The diameter of the countersink should always be larger than the diameter of the screw head.
  • After drilling, use the countersink to create a countersink so that the screw head is flush with the surface of the workpiece.
  • If desired, you can further process the drill hole and create a thread, for example.
A hand measures the diameter of a screw head with a caliper gauge. The scale of the caliper gauge is visible.
A hand holds a copper-coloured countersink between the measuring legs of a digital caliper. The caliper shows 21mm.
Countersink is machining a hole in a black workpiece clamped in a blue-coloured vice.
Close-up of a black metal plate with an embedded countersunk screw and two holes. The plate is clamped in a vice.

Cross countersink

Cross countersinks have an angled hole that forms the cutting edge. During countersinking, the chip is removed through the hole and cannot get jammed between the countersink and the workpiece. This results in clean and chatter-free countersinks.


A person uses a drill to lower a workpiece that is clamped in a vice. Metal chips are lying around the hole and on the vice.

Flat countersink

Flat countersinks are used to produce cylindrical countersinks (face countersinks) for cylinder head screws, hexagon head screws or nuts (Fig. 2 & 3). This ensures that the screws are flush with the surface of the workpiece (Fig. 4). The guide pin of the flat countersink provides a stable guide while the cutting edges remove the material from the workpiece.

Please note that flat countersinks are available for through holes and core holes (Fig. 5). The through hole does not contain a thread; there is only a thread in the second workpiece or in the further course of the workpiece. The core hole already has a thread.


A flat countersink made of metal and a black screw lie on a ribbed, dark surface. The countersink is conical with a cylindrical shaft.
Flat countersink machines a workpiece; chips are lying around. The workpiece is clamped in a vice.
Close-up of a black, rough surface with two round, cylindrical drill holes, one in the centre and the other in the background. The holes have a light-coloured lining. A white "3" can be seen at the bottom right.
Metal block with two round holes, one of which contains a hexagon socket screw. The metal has a rough, machined surface.
Graphic representation of through hole and core hole with thread. The through hole is smooth-walled, the core hole has a thread. The holes are drawn in cross-section and labelled.

Comparison of countersink types


Countersink Cross countersink Flat countersink
Countersinking method Profile countersinks Profile countersinks Face countersinking
Area of application Creating tapered countersinks for countersunk screws, for example + Deburring drill holes Creating tapered countersinks for countersunk screws, for example Creating cylindrical countersinks for cylinder head screws, hexagon head screws or nuts
Special feature Countersink angles are standardised for different applications No jamming of chips between countersink and workpiece due to chip removal through the cross hole Guide pin ensures stable guidance of the countersink

Correct speed for countersinking

A lower speed should always be used for countersinking than for drilling.


Flat countersinks in particular should be used at the lowest possible cutting speed. For this reason, a speed of 200 revolutions per minute is often recommended when using countersinks. It is safest to countersink at the lowest possible speed.

Close-up of a drilling machine with a countersink plunging into a workpiece in a vice on a machine table.

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Quick-action drill chuck

Tools such as countersinks can be quickly and securely clamped in the machine with the aid of quick-clamping drill chucks.

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